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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verbindungsgerade</span></h1>
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<p>Eine <b>Verbindungsgerade</b> ist in der <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">Mathematik</a> eine <a href="Gerade" title="Gerade">Gerade</a>, die durch zwei vorgegebene <a href="Punkt_(Geometrie)" title="Punkt (Geometrie)">Punkte</a> verläuft. Verbindungsgeraden werden speziell in der <a href="Euklidische_Geometrie" title="Euklidische Geometrie">euklidischen Geometrie</a> und allgemeiner in <a href="Inzidenzgeometrie" title="Inzidenzgeometrie">Inzidenzgeometrien</a> betrachtet. Die <a href="Existenz" title="Existenz">Existenz</a> und <a href="Eindeutigkeit" title="Eindeutigkeit">Eindeutigkeit</a> der Verbindungsgeraden zu zwei verschiedenen gegebenen Punkten wird in der Geometrie <a href="Axiom" title="Axiom">axiomatisch</a> als <b>Verbindungsaxiom</b> gefordert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Euklidische_Geometrie">Euklidische Geometrie</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3></div>
<p>Sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}" loading="lazy"></span> zwei verschiedene Punkte in der <a href="Euklidische_Ebene" class="mw-redirect" title="Euklidische Ebene">euklidischen Ebene</a> oder im <a href="Euklidischer_Raum" title="Euklidischer Raum">euklidischen Raum</a>, dann wird diejenige Gerade <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>, die diese beiden Punkte enthält, „Verbindungsgerade der Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8752c7023b4b3286800fe3238271bbca681219ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.838ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q}" loading="lazy"></span>“ genannt und mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=(PQ)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=(PQ)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37272b22848a9a54e4fe8537ef680d4b878655ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.608ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=(PQ)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=PQ}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=PQ}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d2d47d9526037a84022f0ba20046118380f9a8a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.798ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=PQ}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bezeichnet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berechnung">Berechnung</h3></div>
<p>Nach Wahl eines <a href="Kartesisches_Koordinatensystem" title="Kartesisches Koordinatensystem">kartesischen Koordinatensystems</a> können Punkte in der euklidischen Ebene durch Zahlenpaare <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P=(x_{P},y_{P})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P=(x_{P},y_{P})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9495647400fbd7b2198cf430d72fa11bd0ee8e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.089ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P=(x_{P},y_{P})}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q=(x_{Q},y_{Q})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q=(x_{Q},y_{Q})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e0766593369e40b7ce5fa61c7b22bd0c87cadf61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.313ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q=(x_{Q},y_{Q})}" loading="lazy"></span> beschrieben werden. Die Verbindungsgerade zweier Punkte kann dann über eine <a href="Geradengleichung" title="Geradengleichung">Geradengleichung</a> angegeben werden. Die <a href="Zweipunkteform" title="Zweipunkteform">Zweipunkteform</a> der Geradengleichung lautet in diesem Fall
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (y-y_{P})\cdot (x_{Q}-x_{P})=(x-x_{P})\cdot (y_{Q}-y_{P})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (y-y_{P})\cdot (x_{Q}-x_{P})=(x-x_{P})\cdot (y_{Q}-y_{P})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81e75945e95073dbb48c056d8b050d2789530709.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:43.878ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (y-y_{P})\cdot (x_{Q}-x_{P})=(x-x_{P})\cdot (y_{Q}-y_{P})}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Eine <a href="Parameterform" title="Parameterform">Parameterform</a> der Geradengleichung ist nach Wahl von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> als Aufpunkt und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {PQ}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {PQ}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/675febeea8e91072fb11994af206714d0bc598a0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.4ex; width:3.714ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {PQ}}}" loading="lazy"></span> als Richtungsvektor
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}-x_{P}\\y_{Q}-y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>x</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>y</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}-x_{P}\\y_{Q}-y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/221a4c470054531e9d7f34d7c3095b64b2f6974e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:32.559ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}-x_{P}\\y_{Q}-y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36efff902c6854b1196e79dec095b31e0c6a8ee9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.609ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>In <a href="Baryzentrische_Koordinaten" title="Baryzentrische Koordinaten">baryzentrischen Koordinaten</a> lautet die Geradengleichung der Verbindungsgeraden entsprechend
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}=s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+t\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}\\y_{Q}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>x</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>y</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}=s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+t\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}\\y_{Q}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe6ab3bec18e21496865c08d733ebd9e0528b7e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:28.149ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}}=s\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{P}\\y_{P}\end{pmatrix}}+t\,{\begin{pmatrix}x_{Q}\\y_{Q}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} ,\,s+t=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} ,\,s+t=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c30b1d86ccfb9d7f5b99c9141fc2472db0915ac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.935ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} ,\,s+t=1}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die beiden vektoriellen Darstellungen gelten analog auch in drei- und höherdimensionalen Räumen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axiomatik">Axiomatik</h3></div>
<p>In einem <a href="Axiom" title="Axiom">axiomatischen Zugang</a> zur euklidischen Geometrie muss die <a href="Existenz" title="Existenz">Existenz</a> und <a href="Eindeutigkeit" title="Eindeutigkeit">Eindeutigkeit</a> der Verbindungsgeraden zu zwei gegebenen Punkten explizit gefordert werden. <a href="Euklid" title="Euklid">Euklid</a> verlangt die Existenz der Verbindungsgeraden in zwei Schritten. Die ersten beiden Postulate in seinem Werk <i><a href="Elemente_(Euklid)" title="Elemente (Euklid)">Die Elemente</a></i> lauten sinngemäß wie folgt:<sup id="cite_ref-Meschkowski_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meschkowski-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ol><li><i>Man kann von jedem Punkt nach jedem Punkt die Strecke ziehen.</i></li>
<li><i>Man kann eine begrenzte gerade Linie zusammenhängend gerade verlängern.</i></li></ol>
<p>Damit existiert zu zwei verschiedenen Punkten stets eine Verbindungsgerade. Diese Postulate sind dabei konstruktiv zu sehen, das heißt, zu zwei gegebenen Punkten lässt sich die zugehörige Verbindungsgerade stets auch <a href="Konstruktion_mit_Zirkel_und_Lineal" title="Konstruktion mit Zirkel und Lineal">mit Zirkel und Lineal konstruieren</a>.
</p><p>In <a href="Hilberts_Axiomensystem_der_euklidischen_Geometrie" title="Hilberts Axiomensystem der euklidischen Geometrie">Hilberts Axiomensystem der euklidischen Geometrie</a> werden die Existenz und die Eindeutigkeit der Verbindungsgeraden als Axiome I1. und I2. innerhalb der <i>Axiomengruppe I: Axiome der Verknüpfung</i> aufgeführt. <a href="David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">Hilbert</a> formuliert die Axiome I1. und I2. wie folgt:<sup id="cite_ref-Hilbert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hilbert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd>I1. <i>Zu zwei verschiedenen Punkten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P,\,Q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P,\,Q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/279499ed9e49a00127c6124c101c630a125eb256.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.005ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P,\,Q}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt es stets eine Gerade <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>, auf der die beiden Punkte liegen.</i></dd>
<dd>I2. <i>Zwei verschiedene Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P,\,Q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P,\,Q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/279499ed9e49a00127c6124c101c630a125eb256.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.005ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P,\,Q}" loading="lazy"></span> einer Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> bestimmen diese Gerade eindeutig.</i></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inzidenzgeometrie">Inzidenzgeometrie</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_2">Definition</h3></div>
<p>Ist allgemein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e933fcc4f44ecac3eb0d5de27eedb8179e7ddf9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.8ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Inzidenzgeometrie#Allgemeine_Inzidenzgeometrie" title="Inzidenzgeometrie">Inzidenzraum</a> und sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3578dc6e335319ed4a27b91e10549a8293c04566.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.892ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span> zwei verschiedene Punkte in diesem Raum, dann heißt eine Gerade <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\in G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\in G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b1be73903416a0dd94b8cbc2268ce480810c0e62.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.783ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\in G}" loading="lazy"></span> <i>Verbindungsgerade</i> dieser beiden Punkte, wenn folgende zwei Bedingungen gelten:
</p>
<dl><dd>(V1) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}Ig\land P_{2}Ig}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}Ig\land P_{2}Ig}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/10862b1ba36dd30b7f6a516744cdac92611cd50d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.251ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}Ig\land P_{2}Ig}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd>(V2) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \operatorname {card} (\{h\in G\colon P_{1}Ih\land P_{2}Ih\})\leq 1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>card</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \operatorname {card} (\{h\in G\colon P_{1}Ih\land P_{2}Ih\})\leq 1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f5cd23890775d96cca18803e97d355af2f8f7c5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.531ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \operatorname {card} (\{h\in G\colon P_{1}Ih\land P_{2}Ih\})\leq 1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notation_und_Sprechweisen">Notation und Sprechweisen</h3></div>
<p>Werden von den beiden Punkten und der Geraden die Bedingungen (V1) und (V2) erfüllt, so schreibt man oft
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fce97625163881b25e3917a90ee699877b5e47f7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.151ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=P_{1}\vee P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=P_{1}\vee P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/55594ce925a863a69b47f31b993544478fa9f879.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.89ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=P_{1}\vee P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder auch kurz
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=P_{1}P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=P_{1}P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c0c9dc49802d62b23c44226a33585b5256ae037.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.307ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=P_{1}P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>In dem hierzu üblichen <a href="Sprachgebrauch" title="Sprachgebrauch">Sprachgebrauch</a> sagt man dann auch
</p>
<ul><li><i><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> verbindet die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i></li>
<li><i><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> gehört mit den Punkten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> zusammen.</i></li>
<li><i>Die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> liegen auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i></li>
<li><i><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> geht durch die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i></li>
<li><i>Die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> inzidieren mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i></li>
<li><i><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> inzidiert mit den Punkten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i></li></ul>
<p>oder Ähnliches.
</p><p>Unter Benutzung dieses Sprachgebrauchs lassen sich die obigen Bedingungen (V1) und (V2) so in Worte fassen:
</p>
<dl><dd>(V1’) <i>Die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> werden durch die Gerade <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> verbunden.</i></dd>
<dd>(V2’) <i>Für die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt es höchstens eine Gerade, die sie verbindet.</i></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbindungsaxiom">Verbindungsaxiom</h3></div>
<p>In den für die Geometrie besonders wichtigen Inzidenzräumen, also insbesondere in den <a href="Euklidischer_Raum" title="Euklidischer Raum">euklidischen Räumen</a>, in allen <a href="Affiner_Raum" title="Affiner Raum">affinen Räumen</a> und in allen <a href="Projektiver_Raum" title="Projektiver Raum">projektiven Räumen</a> gilt in Bezug auf Punkte und Verbindungsgeraden durchgängig die folgende grundlegende Bedingung (V):
</p>
<dl><dd>(V) <i>Zu je zwei verschiedenen Punkten des gegebenen Inzidenzraums existiert stets eine Verbindungsgerade, also eine Gerade derart, dass (V1) und (V2) erfüllt sind.</i></dd></dl>
<p>Man nennt diese Bedingung das <i>Verbindungsaxiom.</i>
</p><p>In anderer Formulierung lässt sich das Verbindungsaxiom auch wie folgt aussprechen:
</p>
<dl><dd>(V’) <i>Zu je zwei verschiedenen Punkten des gegebenen Inzidenzraums gibt es genau eine Gerade, die diese beiden Punkte verbindet.</i></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teilräume_und_Hüllensystem"><span id="Teilr.C3.A4ume_und_H.C3.BCllensystem"></span>Teilräume und Hüllensystem</h3></div>
<p>Den in der Hauptsache in der Geometrie behandelten Inzidenzräumen – wie etwa den affinen und den projektiven Räumen, aber auch vielen anderen <a href="Linearer_Raum_(Geometrie)" title="Linearer Raum (Geometrie)">linearen Räumen</a> wie z. B. den <a href="Blockplan" title="Blockplan">Blockplänen</a> – ist gemeinsam, dass die Inzidenzrelation von der <a href="Elementrelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementrelation">Elementrelation</a> herrührt und somit die Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Teilmengen</a> der zugehörigen <a href="Punktmenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Punktmenge">Punktmenge</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f306de895b1fd787a364c508badc106b1ff73e18.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind.
</p><p>Es ist also dann die <i>Geradenmenge</i> eine Teilmenge der <a href="Potenzmenge" title="Potenzmenge">Potenzmenge</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f306de895b1fd787a364c508badc106b1ff73e18.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, folglich die Beziehung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G\subseteq 2^{\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G\subseteq 2^{\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3e8df46b6330775443df7de48edb3282031aeae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.681ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G\subseteq 2^{\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben. In diesem Falle beschreibt man den Inzidenzraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e933fcc4f44ecac3eb0d5de27eedb8179e7ddf9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.8ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,I)}" loading="lazy"></span> kurz in der Form <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7021b7d9e1cab9bdc3ff632e1e80137682bd301.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}" loading="lazy"></span> anstatt in der Form <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,{\in })}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,{\in })}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ad25ed2bc589f57364cb67a3eabeabbc156dbfbf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.178ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G,{\in })}" loading="lazy"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Unter diesen Gegebenheiten nennt man eine Teilmenge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c055d8e83881e81aa91938ab5b7541a27d91703.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span> einen <i>Teilraum von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7021b7d9e1cab9bdc3ff632e1e80137682bd301.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}" loading="lazy"></span>,</i> wenn mit je zwei verschiedenen Punkten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {T}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {T}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c28f3b7fba2f92766dcd25707edb211d25f1a162.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.539ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in {\mathfrak {T}}}" loading="lazy"></span> stets ihre Verbindungsgerade <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f21234bf39e4f5d59a3aa5273a31b711f08e6205.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.936ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1ea1f4cdfbe22a1612f083b2cfd87af036f141af.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.571ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {T}}}" loading="lazy"></span> enthalten ist, also hierfür stets <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle \subseteq {\mathfrak {T}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle \subseteq {\mathfrak {T}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7baca4cedac69c78aa3d51dfda3b78d18e209d59.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.606ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle \subseteq {\mathfrak {T}}}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.
</p><p>Die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38a7dcde9730ef0853809fefc18d88771f95206c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.202ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau }" loading="lazy"></span> der Teilräume von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7021b7d9e1cab9bdc3ff632e1e80137682bd301.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}" loading="lazy"></span> bildet ein <a href="H%C3%BCllensystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüllensystem">Hüllensystem</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zugehöriger_Hüllenoperator"><span id="Zugeh.C3.B6riger_H.C3.BCllenoperator"></span>Zugehöriger Hüllenoperator</h3></div>
<p>Zum Hüllensystem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38a7dcde9730ef0853809fefc18d88771f95206c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.202ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau }" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich in der üblichen Weise der zugehörige <a href="H%C3%BCllenoperator" title="Hüllenoperator">Hüllenoperator</a> bilden. Diesen schreibt man oft als <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \;\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \;\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/192f7ff25a3f5cea4bcb8332436458112f945e36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.454ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \;\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span>.
Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/514ca3cc9060e8dca5c47b9cedff22a3b11032ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.001ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\subseteq {\mathfrak {P}}}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\bigcap \{{\mathfrak {T}}\in {\mathcal {T}}\colon {\mathfrak {T}}\supseteq {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>⋂<!-- ⋂ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⊇<!-- ⊇ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\bigcap \{{\mathfrak {T}}\in {\mathcal {T}}\colon {\mathfrak {T}}\supseteq {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/652a109aac729276fcaac5c8937e2a1f35a061a7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:27.823ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\bigcap \{{\mathfrak {T}}\in {\mathcal {T}}\colon {\mathfrak {T}}\supseteq {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Das bedeutet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88d06a09ca508fefb0e1b9245f34a63bc5397e58.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.788ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> ist der <i>kleinste Teilraum von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7021b7d9e1cab9bdc3ff632e1e80137682bd301.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}" loading="lazy"></span>, der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7077a048a0c1055e3d9a30c6957c2300c06d2265.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> umfasst.</i></dd></dl>
<p>Im Falle, dass dabei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7077a048a0c1055e3d9a30c6957c2300c06d2265.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.979ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Endliche_Menge" title="Endliche Menge">endliche Menge</a> von Punkten ist, etwa <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}=\{P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\}\;(m\in \mathbb {N} )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}=\{P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\}\;(m\in \mathbb {N} )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ddce9974147f6ac9528e1b26cb599a88b346424.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.307ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}=\{P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\}\;(m\in \mathbb {N} )}" loading="lazy"></span>, schreibt man auch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cefccda18e6e40706da5dabaf726662ac55f7b47.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.588ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},\dotsc ,P_{m}\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder auch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =P_{1}\vee \dotsc \vee P_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =P_{1}\vee \dotsc \vee P_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b59ba0105b9056868db917767eab6083239526cc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.488ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =P_{1}\vee \dotsc \vee P_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b32de1b0dc05f6e525ad6a3e8ddeeb4321fd79e5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.301ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=2}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}\neq P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}\neq P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/06df0c20342bb7361c63616cc5f1ac39b9b97d8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.191ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}\neq P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> hat man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dfa2e02116834cee084cd9680412e632fd140305.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.823ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle {\mathfrak {P}}_{0}\rangle =\langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle }" loading="lazy"></span>, also wiederum die Verbindungsgerade von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiel_der_Koordinatenebene">Beispiel der Koordinatenebene</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="Koordinatenebene" title="Koordinatenebene">Koordinatenebene</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f123baef27cc7331ccc361c0c4a18c2faedfa011.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.148ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> über einem <a href="Kommutativer_K%C3%B6rper" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommutativer Körper">kommutativen Körper</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt ein Standardbeispiel für einen Inzidenzraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7021b7d9e1cab9bdc3ff632e1e80137682bd301.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.594ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\mathfrak {P}},G)}" loading="lazy"></span>, in dem das Verbindungsaxiom gilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Koecher-Krieg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koecher-Krieg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Hier ist die Punktmenge
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}=K^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">P</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}=K^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89e7a947eb88efffc116296a4ca4ccbcf5256f9c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.171ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}=K^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und die Geradenmenge
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G=\{a+Ku\colon a\in K^{2}\land u\in K^{2}\setminus \{\mathbf {0} \}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo class="MJX-variant">∖<!-- ∖ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G=\{a+Ku\colon a\in K^{2}\land u\in K^{2}\setminus \{\mathbf {0} \}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/971232839fcc5a1b1f2f99410d0e7454b2c588cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:38.726ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G=\{a+Ku\colon a\in K^{2}\land u\in K^{2}\setminus \{\mathbf {0} \}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Die Geradenmenge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span> erhält man also dadurch, dass man alle möglichen <a href="Faktorraum#Definition" title="Faktorraum">Nebenklassen</a> zu allen in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f123baef27cc7331ccc361c0c4a18c2faedfa011.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.148ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> gelegenen <a href="Untervektorraum" title="Untervektorraum">Unterräumen</a> der <a href="Dimension_(Mathematik)#Dimension_eines_Vektorraumes_(Hamel-Dimension)" title="Dimension (Mathematik)">Dimension 1</a> bildet.
Hat man hier zwei unterschiedliche Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in K^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in K^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fdcddfe48c3683807cee58bfd4144355064ab9a0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.116ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2}\in K^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>, so lässt sich die Verbindungsgerade in folgender Weise darstellen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle =\{\alpha P_{1}+\beta P_{2}\colon \alpha ,\beta \in K\land \alpha +\beta =1\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle =\{\alpha P_{1}+\beta P_{2}\colon \alpha ,\beta \in K\land \alpha +\beta =1\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0470d4e4e1675fe54151802349385aa10bfcc63d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.41ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle P_{1},P_{2}\rangle =\{\alpha P_{1}+\beta P_{2}\colon \alpha ,\beta \in K\land \alpha +\beta =1\}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Standardbeispiel für dieses Konzept bieten die Geraden, die zwei Punkte der <a href="Euklidischer_Raum#Der_euklidische_Punktraum" title="Euklidischer Raum">euklidischen Ebene</a> verbinden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Affiner_Raum#Definition" title="Affiner Raum">Verbindungsvektor</a></li>
<li><a href="Verbindungsraum" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbindungsraum">Verbindungsraum</a></li>
<li><a href="Strecke_(Geometrie)" title="Strecke (Geometrie)">Verbindungsstrecke</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Gerhard_Hessenberg" title="Gerhard Hessenberg">Gerhard Hessenberg</a>, Justus Diller: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundlagen der Geometrie</cite>. 2. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 1967, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>20, 220</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Gerhard+Hessenberg%2C+Justus+Diller&rft.btitle=Grundlagen+der+Geometrie&rft.date=1967&rft.edition=2.&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=20%2C+220&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+Verlag" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li><a href="David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundlagen der Geometrie</cite>. Mit Supplementen von Dr. <a href="Paul_Bernays" title="Paul Bernays">Paul Bernays</a> (= <cite style="font-style:italic">Teubner-Studienbücher: Mathematik</cite>). 11. Auflage. Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-519-12020-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/search/publdoc.html?arg3=&co4=AND&co5=AND&co6=AND&co7=AND&dr=all&pg4=AUCN&pg5=TI&pg6=PC&pg7=ALLF&pg8=ET&review_format=html&s4=Hilbert%2C%20David&s5=&s6=&s7=&s8=All&vfpref=html&yearRangeFirst=&yearRangeSecond=&yrop=eq&r=15&mx-pid=1109913">MR1109913</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=David+Hilbert&rft.btitle=Grundlagen+der+Geometrie&rft.date=1972&rft.edition=11.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3519120208&rft.pages=3+ff.&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Teubner+Verlag&rft.series=Teubner-Studienb%C3%BCcher%3A+Mathematik" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li><a href="Helmut_Karzel" title="Helmut Karzel">Helmut Karzel</a>, Kay Sörensen, Dirk Windelberg: <cite style="font-style:italic">Einführung in die Geometrie</cite> (= <cite style="font-style:italic">Uni-Taschenbücher</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>184</span>). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1973, ISBN 3-525-03406-7, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Helmut+Karzel%2C+Kay+S%C3%B6rensen%2C+Dirk+Windelberg&rft.btitle=Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+Geometrie&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3525034067&rft.pages=11+ff.&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.series=Uni-Taschenb%C3%BCcher" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li><a href="Max_Koecher" title="Max Koecher">Max Koecher</a>, <a href="Aloys_Krieg" title="Aloys Krieg">Aloys Krieg</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ebene Geometrie</cite> (= <cite style="font-style:italic">Springer-Lehrbuch</cite>). 2., neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Springer Verlag, Berlin (u. a.) 2000, ISBN 3-540-67643-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7, 48<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff., 52, 212</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Max+Koecher%2C+Aloys+Krieg&rft.btitle=Ebene+Geometrie&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=2.%2C+neu+bearbeitete+und+erweiterte&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3540676430&rft.pages=7%2C+48+ff.%2C+52%2C+212&rft.place=Berlin+%28u.+a.%29&rft.pub=Springer+Verlag&rft.series=Springer-Lehrbuch" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li><a href="Herbert_Meschkowski" title="Herbert Meschkowski">Herbert Meschkowski</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Denkweisen großer Mathematiker</cite>. Ein Weg zur Geschichte der Mathematik (= <cite style="font-style:italic">Dokumente zur Geschichte der Mathematik</cite>). 3. Auflage. Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig 1990, ISBN 3-528-28179-0 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/search/publdoc.html?arg3=&co4=AND&co5=AND&co6=AND&co7=AND&dr=all&pg4=AUCN&pg5=TI&pg6=PC&pg7=ALLF&pg8=ET&review_format=html&s4=Meschkowski%2C%20Herbert&s5=&s6=&s7=&s8=All&vfpref=html&yearRangeFirst=&yearRangeSecond=&yrop=eq&r=1&mx-pid=1086172">MR1086172</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Herbert+Meschkowski&rft.btitle=Denkweisen+gro%C3%9Fer+Mathematiker&rft.date=1990&rft.edition=3.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3528281790&rft.place=Braunschweig&rft.pub=Vieweg+Verlag&rft.series=Dokumente+zur+Geschichte+der+Mathematik" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Eberhard M. Schröder: <cite style="font-style:italic">Vorlesungen über Geometrie</cite>. 2. Affine und projektive Geometrie. BI Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim / Wien / Zürich 1991, ISBN 3-411-15301-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.math.uni-bielefeld.de/mathscinet/search/publdoc.html?arg3=&co4=AND&co5=AND&co6=AND&co7=AND&dr=all&pg4=AUCN&pg5=TI&pg6=PC&pg7=ALLF&pg8=ET&review_format=html&s4=Schr%C3%B6der%2C%20Eberhard%20M.&s5=&s6=&s7=&s8=All&vfpref=html&yearRangeFirst=&yearRangeSecond=&yrop=eq&r=27&mx-pid=1166803">MR1166803</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Eberhard+M.+Schr%C3%B6der&rft.btitle=Vorlesungen+%C3%BCber+Geometrie&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3411153016&rft.pages=2+ff.&rft.place=Mannheim+%2F+Wien+%2F+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.pub=BI+Wissenschaftsverlag" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Otto Kerner, Joseph Maurer, Jutta Steffens, Thomas Thode, Rudolf Voller (Bearb.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Vieweg-Mathematik-Lexikon</cite>. Begriffe, Definitionen, Sätze, Beispiele für das Grundstudium. Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1988, ISBN 3-528-06308-4, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>311</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Verbindungsgerade&rft.au=Otto+Kerner%2C+Joseph+Maurer%2C+Jutta+Steffens%2C+...&rft.btitle=Vieweg-Mathematik-Lexikon&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3528063084&rft.pages=311&rft.place=Braunschweig+%2F+Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Vieweg+Verlag" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise_und_Anmerkungen">Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Meschkowski-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Meschkowski_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Meschkowski: <i>Denkweisen großer Mathematiker.</i> 3. Auflage, 1990, S. 20.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hilbert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hilbert_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Hilbert: <i>Grundlagen der Geometrie.</i> 11. Auflage, 1972, S. 3 ff.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dabei wird die Elementrelation als selbstverständlich gegeben betrachtet und nicht weiter erwähnt.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Koecher-Krieg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Koecher-Krieg_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koecher, Krieg: <i>Ebene Geometrie.</i> 2000, S. 48 ff.</span>
</li>
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